Pearl American Fashion Jewelry 35

Pearl American Fashion Jewelry.

By Aamir Mannan.

Moche ear ornaments. 1-800 AD. Larco Museum Collection, Lima-Peru

Among the Aztecs, only nobility wore gold jewellery, as it showed their rank, power, and wealth. Gold jewellery was most common in the Aztec Empire and was often decorated with feathers from Quetzal birds and others. In general, the more jewellery an Aztec noble wore, the higher his status or prestige. The Emperor and his High Priests, for example, would be nearly completely covered in jewellery when making public appearances. Although gold was the most common and a popular material used in Aztec jewellery, jade, turquoise, and certain feathers were considered more valuable.[42] In addition to adornment and status, the Aztecs also used jewellery in sacrifices to appease the gods. Priests also used gem-encrusted daggers to perform animal and human sacrifices.[20][29]

Another ancient American civilization with expertise in jewellery making were the Maya. At the peak of their civilization, the Maya were making jewellery from jade, gold, silver, bronze, and copper. Maya designs were similar to those of the Aztecs, with lavish headdresses and jewellery. The Maya also traded in precious gems. However, in earlier times, the Maya had little access to metal, so they made the majority of their jewellery out of bone or stone. Merchants and nobility were the only few that wore expensive jewellery in the Maya region, much the same as with the Aztecs.[34]

In North America, Native Americans used shells, wood, turquoise, and soapstone, almost unavailable in South and Central America. The turquoise was used in necklaces and to be placed in earrings. Native Americans with access to oyster shells, often located in only one location in America, traded the shells with other tribes, showing the great importance of the body adornment trade in Northern America.[43]

Native American[edit]

Pearl Indian Fashion Jewelry 34

Pearl Indian Fashion Jewelry.

By Aamir Mannan.

A Navaratna ring.

Navaratna (nine gems)is a powerful jewel frequently worn by a Maharaja. It is an amulet, which comprises diamond, pearl, ruby, sapphire, emerald, topaz, cat’s eye, coral, and hyacinth (red zircon). Each of these stones is associated with a celestial deity, represented the totality of the Hindu universe when all nine gems are together. The diamond is the most powerful gem among the nine stones. There were various cuts for the gemstone. Indian Kings bought gemstones privately from the sellers. Maharaja and other royal family members value gem as Hindu God. They exchanged gems with people to whom they were very close, especially the royal family members and other intimate allies. “Only the emperor himself, his intimate relations, and select members of his entourage were permitted to wear royal turban ornament. As the empire matured, differing styles of ornament acquired the generic name of sarpech, from sar or sir, meaning head, and pech, meaning fastener.”

India was the first country to mine diamonds, with some mines dating back to 296 BC. India traded the diamonds, realising their valuable qualities. Historically, diamonds have been given to retain or regain a lover’s or ruler’s lost favour, as symbols of tribute, or as an expression of fidelity in exchange for concessions and protection. Mughal emperors used the diamonds as a means of assuring their immortality by having their names and wordly titles

Pearl Fashion Jewelry Necklace Set 33

Pearl Fashion Jewelry Necklace Set.

By Aamir Mannan. 

Antique Pearl & Gold Nose Ring, India, 19th century

The Mughal reign was the most significant period of time in relation to jewellery. A lot of jewellers prospered from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Jewellery had great status with India’s royalty; it was so powerful that they established laws, limiting wearing of jewellery to royalty. Only royalty and a few others to whom they granted permission could wear gold ornaments on their feet. This would normally be considered breaking the appreciation of the sacred metals. Even though the majority of the Indian population wore jewellery, Maharajas and people related to royalty had a deeper connection with jewellery. The Maharaja's role was so important that the Hindu philosophers 

identified him as central to the smooth working of the world. He was considered as a divine being, a deity in human form, whose duty was to uphold and protect dharma, the moral order of the universe. Antique Pearl & Gold Nose Ring, India, 19th century

The Mughal reign was the most significant period of time in relation to jewellery. A lot of jewellers prospered from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Jewellery had great status with India’s royalty; it was so powerful that they established laws, limiting wearing of jewellery to royalty. Only royalty and a few others to whom they granted

Black Diamond Wedding Fashion Bridal Jewelry 32

Black Diamond Wedding Fashion Bridal Jewelry. 
By Aamir Mannan.
Jewellery in the Indus Valley was worn predominantly by females, who wore numerous clay or shell bracelets on their wrists. They were often shaped like doughnuts and painted black. Over time, clay bangles were discarded for more durable ones. In present-day India, bangles are made out of metal or glass.[35] Other pieces that women frequently wore were thin bands of gold that would be worn on the forehead, earrings, primitive brooches, chokers, and gold rings. Although women wore jewellery the most, some men in the Indus Valley wore beads. Small beads were often crafted to be placed in men and women’s hair. The beads were about one millimetre long.
A female skeleton (presently on display at the National Museum, New Delhi, India) wears a carlinean bangle (bracelet) on her left hand. Kada is a special kind of bracelet and is widely popular in Indian culture. They symbolizes animals like peacock,[36] elephant[37] etc.
According to Hindu belief, gold and silver are considered as sacred metals. Gold is symbolic of the warm sun, while silver suggests the cool moon. Both are the quintessential metals of Indian jewellery. Pure gold does not oxidise or corrode with time, which is why Hindu tradition associates gold with immortality. Gold imagery occurs frequently in ancient Indian literature. In the Vedic Hindu belief of cosmological creation, the source of physical and spiritual human life originated in and evolved from a golden womb (hiranyagarbha) or egg (hiranyanda), a metaphor of the sun, whose light rises from the primordial waters.[38]

American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection 31

 American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection.
By Aamir manan.

Jade coiled serpent, Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD)

`Xin' Shape Jewellery from Ming Dynasty Tombs, (1368–1644)

In China, the most uncommon piece of jewellery was the earring, which was worn neither by men nor women.[citation needed] Amulets were common, often with a Chinese symbol or dragon. Dragons, Chinese symbols, and phoenixes were frequently depicted on jewellery designs.

The Chinese often placed their jewellery in their graves. Most Chinese graves found by archaeologists contain decorative jewellery.[34]

Indian subcontinent[edit] 

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The Indian subcontinent (encompassing India, Pakistan and other countries of South Asia) has a long

.American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection 30

American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection.
By Aamir manan.

Royal earrings, India, 1st Century BC.

In Asia, the Indian subcontinent has the longest continuous legacy of jewellery making anywhere, with a history of over 5,000 years.[32] One of the first to start jewellery making were the peoples of the Indus Valley Civilization in what is now predominately modern-day Pakistan. Early jewellery making in China started around the same period, but it became widespread with the spread of Buddhism around 2,000 years ago.American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection.

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China[edit]

The Chinese used silver in their jewellery more than gold. Blue kingfisher feathers were tied onto early Chinese jewellery and later, blue gems and glass were incorporated into designs. However, jade was preferred over any other stone. The Chinese revered jade because of the human-like qualities they assigned to it, such as its hardness, durability, and beauty.[6] The first jade pieces were very simple, but as time progressed, more complex designs evolved. Jade rings from between the 4th and 7th centuries BC show evidence of having been worked with a compound milling machine, hundreds of years before the first mention of such equipment in the west.[33]

American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection 29

American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection.
By Aamir manan.

Fashion Jewelry .  this is a american fashion jewelry is beautiful style for women  jewelry.  we have it jewelry designs of diamond's he format gold. you have it great choice diamond jewelry in new years. you ere we this jewelry    Fashion Latest designs Bridal Wedding Jewellery Collection 2013 -2014 Jewellery  give for you Designs-2014 15 for Women choice best jewelry By Aamir Manan. 18k gold and silver beautiful fashion jewelry. it is a beautiful jewelry new years gift. your choice jewelry  is great honor for us. and we jewelry  rings and necklace bangles earrings and diamond jewelry for you. and of girls and boys choice new jewelry.  this year we have new bride jewelry maker. ere we diamond and ruby in 18k gold jewelry chose of for. this jewelry the beautiful gift for new year friend  you choice  jewelry. and do you for bride the  beautiful gift so give.  Fashion jewelry in women choice  all family people in cor  . 

Growing political tensions, the after-effects of the war, and a reaction against the perceived decadence of the turn of the 20th century led to simpler forms, combined with more effective manufacturing for mass production of high-quality jewellery. Covering the period of the 1920s and 1930s, the style has become popularly known as Art Deco. Walter Gropius and the German Bauhaus movement, with their philosophy of "no barriers between artists and craftsmen" led to some interesting and stylistically simplified forms. Modern materials were also introduced: plastics and aluminium were first used in jewellery, and of note are the chromed pendants of Russian-born Bauhaus master Naum Slutzky. Technical mastery became as valued as the material itself. In the West, this period saw the reinvention of granulation by the German Elizabeth Treskow, although development of the re-invention has continued into the 1990s. It is based on the basic shapes.

Asia[edit]

American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection 28

American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection.

By Aamir manan.

In the United States, this period saw the founding in 1837 of Tiffany & Co. by Charles Lewis Tiffany. Tiffany's put the United States on the world map in terms of jewellery and gained fame creating dazzling commissions for people such as the wife of Abraham Lincoln. Later, it would gain popular notoriety as the setting of the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. In France, Pierre Cartier founded Cartier SA in 1847, while 1884 saw the founding of Bulgari in Italy. The modern production studio had been born and was a step away from the former dominance of individual craftsmen and patronage.

This period also saw the first major collaboration between East and West. Collaboration in Pforzheim between German and Japanese artists led to Shakudō plaques set into Filigree frames being created by the Stoeffler firm in 1885).[30] Perhaps the grand finalé – and an appropriate transition to the following period – were the masterful creations of the Russian artist Peter Carl Fabergé, working for the Imperial Russian court, whose Fabergé eggs and jewellery pieces are still considered as the epitome of the goldsmith’s art.

Art Nouveau[edit] American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection.

By Aamir manan.

Fashion Jewelry .  this is a american fashion jewelry is beautiful style for women  jewelry.  we have it jewelry designs of diamond's he format gold. you have it great choice diamond jewelry in new years. you ere we this jewelry    Fashion Latest designs Bridal Wedding Jewellery Collection 2013 -2014 Jewellery  give for you Designs-2014 15 for Women choice best jewelry By Aamir Manan. 18k gold and silver beautiful fashion jewelry. it is a beautiful jewelry new years gift. your choice jewelry  is great honor for us. and we jewelry  rings and necklace bangles earrings and diamond jewelry for you. and of girls and boys choice new jewelry.  this year we have new bride jewelry maker. ere we diamond and ruby in 18k gold jewelry chose of for. this jewelry the beautiful gift for new year friend  you choice  jewelry. and do you for bride the  beautiful gift so give.  Fashion jewelry in women choice  all family people in cor  . 

In the 1890s, jewellers began to explore the potential of the growing Art Nouveau style and the closely related German Jugendstil, British (and to some extent American) Arts and Crafts Movement, Catalan Modernisme, Austro-Hungarian Sezession, Italian "Liberty", etc.

American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection 27

American Fashion Weddings Jewelry Collection.
By Aamir manan.

Fashion Jewelry .  this is a american fashion jewelry is beautiful style for women  jewelry.  we have it jewelry designs of diamond's he format gold. you have it great choice diamond jewelry in new years. you ere we this jewelry    Fashion Latest designs Bridal Wedding Jewellery Collection 2013 -2014 Jewellery  give for you Designs-2014 15 for Women choice best jewelry By Aamir Manan. 18k gold and silver beautiful fashion jewelry. it is a beautiful jewelry new years gift. your choice jewelry  is great honor for us. and we jewelry  rings and necklace bangles earrings and diamond jewelry for you. and of girls and boys choice new jewelry.  this year we have new bride jewelry maker. ere we diamond and ruby in 18k gold jewelry chose of for. this jewelry the beautiful gift for new year friend  you choice  jewelry. and do you for bride the  beautiful gift so give.  Fashion jewelry in women choice  all family people in cor  . 

Mourning jewellery in the form of a jet brooch, 19th century.

Starting in the late 18th century, Romanticism had a profound impact on the development of western jewellery. Perhaps the most significant influences were the public’s fascination with the treasures being discovered through the birth of modern archaeology and a fascination with Medieval and Renaissance art. Changing social conditions and the onset of the Industrial Revolution also led to growth of a middle class that wanted and could afford jewellery. As a result, the use of industrial processes, cheaper alloys, and stone substitutes led to the development of paste or costume jewellery. Distinguished goldsmiths continued to flourish, however, as wealthier patrons sought to ensure that what they wore still stood apart from the jewellery of the masses, not only through use of precious metals and stones but also though superior artistic and technical work. One such artist was the French goldsmith Françoise Désire Froment Meurice. A category unique to this period and quite appropriate to the philosophy of romanticism was mourning jewellery. It originated in England, where Queen Victoria was often seen wearing jet jewellery after the death of Prince Albert, and it allowed the wearer to continue wearing jewellery while expressing a state of mourning at the death of a loved one.